Aculturación y participación escolar: el caso de los estudiantes portugueses de la comunidad gitana

REVISTA: Revista de psicodidáctica

ISSN: 1136-1034

AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN: 2023

VOLUMEN: 28

NÚMERO: 1

PÁGINAS: 67-79

AUTORES:
Tânia Moreira
Juliana Martins
José Carlos Núñez
André Oliveira
Joana Martins
Pedro Rosário

RESUMEN:
Existe evidencia bien documentada sobre las relaciones entre el valor de utilidad percibido de la escuela, los resultados de aprendizaje positivos y la intención de continuar la educación. Para el estudiantado de minorías étnicas, o de entornos económicamente desfavorecidos, las creencias y los valores sobre la utilidad de la educación están determinados por las condiciones de aculturación y los problemas a los que a menudo están expuestos. El estudiantado de la comunidad gitana, a pesar de reconocer el valor de la educación, muestra comportamientos de desvinculación y trayectorias educativas interrumpidas. Esto podría contribuir a posiciones desventajosas en la educación, los mercados laborales, la atención médica y la vida política. Basado en el marco de la aculturación, este estudio aporta datos sobre cómo y en qué medida los contextos de aculturación a nivel micro (familia y escuela) influyen en los resultados escolares (p. ej., utilidad percibida, participación escolar) del alumnado de origen gitano. Los datos empíricos provienen de una muestra de 213 estudiantes, recopilados en once escuelas de Portugal. Los resultados son esclarecedores y proporcionan evidencia sobre cómo actúan los diferentes agentes de socialización para reforzar las dimensiones del compromiso escolar. Además, los datos proporcionan evidencia sobre las formas más efectivas de participación de familias y profesorado para respaldar el valor de utilidad de la escuela y la educación. Globalmente, los datos obtenidos abren vías para desafiar aún más la perspectiva del déficit que subrayan las actuales políticas y las intervenciones educativas dirigidas a reducir la brecha del rendimiento presentada por el alumnado de origen gitano.

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